The Present Continuous Tense для выражения будущего времени. To be going + infinitive

Present Continuous глагола to go + инфинитив

Наряду с Present Continuous для выражения действия в будущем очень часто употребляется глагол to go в форме Present Continuous + инфинитив:

I am going to work, I am going to read.

I am going в этом случае имеет значение собираюсь, намереваюсь:

I am going to learn French next year.	Я собираюсь (намерен) изучать французский язык в будущем году.
Не is going to spend his summer vacation in the Crimea.	Он собирается провести летние каникулы в Крыму.
We are going to send them a telegram to-morrow.	Мы собираемся послать им завтра телеграмму.

В некоторых случаях значение намерения отсутствует и сочетание Present Continuous глагола to go с инфинитивом имеет значение только будущего времени и поэтому переводится на русский язык глаголом в форме будущего времени:

The concert is going to take place in our club.	Концерт состоится в нашем клубе.
We are going to have our English exam soon.	У нас скоро будет экзамен по английскому языку.
I am afraid that he is going to be angry with me.	Я боюсь, что он на меня рассердится.
The sea air is going to do you good.	Морской воздух принесет вам пользу.

Present Continuous глагола to go обычно не употребляется в сочетании to go и to come. Вместо Не is going to go there. He is going to come here — говорят: He is going there. He is coming here или He intends to go there. He intends to come here.

Инфинитив после Present Continuous глагола to go может употребляться в страдательном залоге:

Не is going to be appointed manager of that department.	Он будет назначен (его собираются назначить) заведующим этого отдела.
A new hydroelectric station is going to be built in this district.	В этом районе будут строить (собираются строить) новую гидроэлектростанцию.

'I am going to do something' = I have already decided to do it, I intend to do it:

A: There's a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it?
B: No, I'm tired. I'm going to have an early night.
A: I hear Ruth has won some money. What is she going to do with it?
B: She's going to buy a new car.
A: Have you made the coffee yet?
B: I'm just going to make it. (just = right at this moment)
This food looks horrible. I'm not going to eat it.

I am doing and I am going to do

We normally use I am going(present continuous) when we say what we have arranged to do -for example, arranged to meet somebody, arranged to go somewhere:

What time are you meeting Ann this evening?
I'm leaving tomorrow. I've got my plane ticket.

'I am going to do something' = I've decided to do it (but perhaps not arranged to do it):

'The windows are dirty.' 'Yes, I know. I'm going to clean them later.' (= I've decided to clean them but I haven't arranged to clean them)
I've decided not to stay here any longer. Tomorrow I'm going to look for somewhere
else to stay. Often the difference is very small and either form is possible.

You can also say that 'something is going to happen' in the future. For example:

The man can't see where he's walking. There is a hole in front of him.

He is going to fall into the hole.

When we say that 'something is going to happen', the situation now makes us believe this. The man is walking towards the hole now, so he is going to fall into it.

Look at those black clouds! It's going to rain. (the clouds are there now}
I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick. (I feel terrible now}

'I was going to (do something)' = I intended to do it but didn't do it:

We were going to travel by train but then we decided to go by car instead.
A: Did Peter do the examination?
B: No, he was going to do it but he changed his mind.

I was just going to cross the road when somebody shouted 'Stop!'

You can say that something was going to happen (but didn't happen):

I thought it was going to rain but then the sun came out.

Have you cleaned the car? Not yet, I am going to clean it tomorrow.
Have you phoned Tom? Not yet. I am going to phone him after lunch.
Have you got dinner? Not yet. I am just going to have it.
Have you painted your flat? Not yet. I am going to paint it soon.
Have you repaired my bicycle? Not yet. I am just going to repair it.

Did you travel by train? No, I was going to travel by train but I changed my mind.
Did you buy that jacket you saw in the shops window? No, I was going to buy but I changed my mind.
Did Sue get married? No, she was going to get married but she fell in love with another boy.
Did Tom and Sharon go to Greece? No, they were going to go to Greece but they didn't save enough money.

The sky is full of black clouds. It is going to rain.
Terri is doing his examinations tomorrow. He hasn't done any work for them and he is not very intelligent. He is going to fail.
It is 8.30. Tom is leaving his house. He has to be at work at 8.45 but the journey takes 30 minutes. He is going to be late.
Ann is driving. There is very little petrol left in the tank. The nearest petrol station is a long way away. She is going to run out of petrol.